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Li Shih-chen, author of the most important medical work of ancient China, made immeasurable contributions to the health of the people. His masterpiece, The Compendium of Materia Medica, is not only a summing up of the pharmacological knowledge accumulated in the two thousand years before his time but also a prototype of the science of plant morphology. In his book we see clearly that his methods of observing and experimenting with drugs made through biological or chemical processes, are very similar to methods used in modern science. Like many other scientific achievements, Li Shih-chen's work has only now, when the people have taken over the direction of their own lives, received the honour and consideration it deserves. In the past ten years, the people's government of China has begun paying particular attention to the centuries-old Chinese art of healing, and has called upon the medical profession to study and develop this art. In this development, Li Shih-chen's work has a special significance. Less than four hundred years have passed since Li Shih-chen's death. Historical records give us scanty information about his life and work, but what there is, is clear and succinct. This book is based mainly on three historical documents: the memorial Shih-chen's eldest son, Li Chien-chung, wrote to the Emperor when he submitted his father's book to the imperial court, the Biography of Li Shih-chen found in the History of the Ming Dynasty, and the Biography of Li Shih-chen by Ku Ching-hsing. Before he wrote this book, the author visited Li Shih-chen's home town, Chichow, and saw his grave, investigated the ruins of his house, and took down the epitaphs engraved on his tombstone. Tales about the life of Li Shih-chen are still circulating among the people in Chichow, and these tales have given the author important material with which to fill in the gaps in the daily life of Li Shih-chen. All documents, epitaphs and tales point to one unmistakable fact: Li Shih-chen was a hard-working man of courage and firm principles who devoted his entire life to his ideal, the creation of The Compendium of Materia Medica. All sources affirm his outstanding ability as a doctor and his noble humanism. The above-mentioned material has provided the skeleton of the story of Li Shih-chen's life. The author has filled in the details through literary imagination.
In this Research Survey, Major Timothy A. Wray provides an excellent survey of the intricacies of employing defensive tactics against a powerful opponent. Using after-action reports, unit war diaries, and other primary materials, Major Wray analyzes the doctrine and tactics that the Germans used on the Eastern Front during World War II. At the end of World War I, the Germans adopted the elastic defense in depth and continued to use it as their basic doctrine through the end of World War II. However, because of limitations caused by difficult terrain, severe weather, manpower and supply shortages, Soviet tactics, and Hitler's order to stand fast, German commanders were unable to implement the Elastic Defense in its true form. Even so, innovative and resourceful unit commanders were able to adapt to the harsh realities of combat and improvise defensive methods that saved the German armies from complete annihilation. U. S. Army unit commanders on the future battlefield, while battling a motivated and aggressive force, will also face hard battlefield conditions. Therefore, these commanders, in applying the AirLand Battle tenets of initiative, depth, agility, and synchronization, will have to demonstrate the same type of innovativeness and resourcefulness as the Germans did in Russia. To operate the AirLand Battlefield, U.S. soldiers must depend on sound doctrine and the ability to execute it intelligently. All Army officers will benefit from Major Wray's new and vital assessment of how German doctrine was modified by the test of war. Frederick M. Franks, Jr. Major General, United States Army Deputy Commandant
Originally published: Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1979.
CONTENTSPrologue, and a MeetingHeredityNativityBoyhoodLivermore ValleyBoyhood to Youth: Oakland Estuary: Inland SailoringCannery: Sloop "Razzle Dazzle": The Queen of the Oyster PiratesOyster-PiratingFish-Patrol"Sophie Sutherland": SealingAutumn into Spring, 1893 to 1894: Jute-Mill: Coal-Shovelling: Boy-and-Girl LoveTramping: The Road - The Sailor on Foot and RodTramping (Second Part): From St Joseph, Michigan, to Washington, D. C. etc.High School, 1894University, 1896-7Into Klondike, 1897Out of Klondike, 1898Return from Klondike: Writing - 1898-9: Lily Maid LettersCloudesley John's CorrespondenceIntroducing Anna Strunsky, and Jack's Letters to Her; also More John's LettersMarriage to Bessie Maddern: and More LettersLetters: Cloudesley and Anna19021903: Back to Piedmont from England, etc.
In the summer of 1882 and 1883, I was associated with Charles G. Leland in the collection of the material for his book The Algonquin Legends of New England, published in 1884. I found the work so delightful, that I have gone on with it since, whenever I found myself in the neighborhood of Indians. The supply of legends and tales seems to be endless, one supplementing and complementing another, so that there may be a dozen versions of one tale, each containing something new. I have tried, in this little book, in every case, to bring these various versions into a single whole; though I scarcely hope to give my readers the pleasure which I found in hearing them from the Indian story-tellers. Only the very old men and women remember these stories now; and though they know that their legends will soon be buried with them, and forgotten, it is not easy task to induce them to repeat them. One may make half-a-dozen visits, tell his own best stories, and exert all his arts of persuasion, in vain, then stroll hopelessly by some day, to be called in to hear some marvellous bit of folklore. These old people have firm faith witches, fairies, and giants of whom they tell; and any trace of amusement or incredulity would meet with quick indignation and reserve.- Abby L. Alger
Statistics is the science of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data, especially the analysis of population characteristics by inference from sampling. In engineering work this includes such different tasks as predicting the reliability of space launch vehicles and subsystems, lifetime analysis of spacecraft system components, failure analysis, and tolerance limits. A common engineering definition of statistics states that statistics is the science of guiding decisions in the face of uncertainties. An earlier definition was statistics is the science of making decisions in the face of uncertainties, but the verb making has been moderated to guiding. Statistical procedures can vary from the drawing and assessment of a few simple graphs to carrying out very complex mathematical analysis with the use of computers; in any application, however, there is the essential underlying influence of "chance." Whether some natural phenomenon is being observed or a scientific experiment is being carried out, the analysis will be statistical if it is impossible to predict the data exactly with certainty. The theory of probability had, strangely enough, a clearly recognizable and rather definitive start. It occurred in France in 1654. The French nobleman Chevalier de Mere had reasoned falsely that the probability of getting at least one six with 4 throws of a single die was the same as the probability of getting at least one "double six" in 24 throws of a pair of dice. This misconception gave rise to a correspondence between the French mathematician Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) and his mathematician friend Pierre Fermat (1601-1665) to whom he wrote: "Monsieur le Chevalier de Mere is very bright, but he is not a mathematician, and that, as you know, is a very serious defect."CONTENTS: Introduction - Preliminary Remarks - Statistical Potpourri - Measurement Scales - Probability and Set TheoryProbabilityDefinitions of Probability - Combinatorial Analysis (Counting Techniques) - Basic Laws of Probability - Probability Distributions - Distribution (Population) Parameters - Chebyshev's Theorem - Special Discrete Probability Functions - Special Continuous Distributions - Joint Distribution Functions - Mathematical Expectation - Functions of Random Variables - Central Limit Theorem (Normal Convergence Theorem) - Simulation (Monte Carlo Methods)StatisticEstimation Theory - Point Estimation - Sampling Distributions - Interval Estimation - Tolerance Limits - Hypothesis/Significance Testing - Curve Fitting, Regression, and Correlation - Goodness-of-Fit Tests - Quality Control - Reliability and Life Testing - Error Propagation LawBibliography
This book is FHWA's primary reference of recommended design and procurement procedures for shallow foundations. It presents state-of-the-practice guidance on the design of shallow foundation support of highway bridges. The information is intended to be practical in nature, and to especially encourage the cost-effective use of shallow foundations bearing on structural fills. To the greatest extent possible, the document coalesces the research, development and application of shallow foundation support for transportation structures over the last several decades. Detailed design examples are provided for shallow foundations in several bridge support applications according to both Service Load Design (Appendix B) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (Appendix C) methodologies. Guidance is also provided for shallow foundation applications for minor structures and buildings associated with transportation projects.
This book presents state-of-the-practice information on the design and installation of cement-grouted ground anchors and anchored systems for highway applications. The anchored systems discussed include flexible anchored walls, slopes supported using ground anchors, landslide stabilization systems, and structures that incorporate tiedown anchors. This book draws extensively in describing issues such as subsurface investigation and laboratory testing, basic anchoring principles, ground anchor load testing, and inspection of construction materials and methods used for anchored systems. This book provides detailed information on design analyses for ground anchored systems. Topics discussed include selection of design earth pressures, ground anchor design, design of corrosion protection system for ground anchors, design of wall components to resist lateral and vertical loads, evaluation of overall anchored system stability, and seismic design of anchored systems. Also included in this book are two detailed design examples and technical specifications for ground anchors and for anchored walls.
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