Books published by World Scientific Publishing Company

Federated Learning is currently an emerging technology in the field of machine learning. Federated Learning is a structure which trains a centralized model for a given assignment, where the data is de-centralized across different edge devices or servers. This enables preservation of the confidentiality of data on various edge devices, as only the updated outcomes of the models are shared with the centralized model. This means the data can remain on each edge device, while we can still train a model using that data.Federated Learning has greatly increased the potential to transmute data in the healthcare industry, enabling healthcare professionals to improve treatment of patients.This book comprises chapters on applying Federated models in the field of healthcare industry.Federated Learning mainly concentrates on securing the privacy of data by training local data in a shared global model without putting the training data in a centralized location. The importance of federated learning lies in its innumerable uses in health care that ranges from maintaining the privacy of raw data of the patients, discover clinically alike patients, forecasting hospitalization due to cardiac events impermanence and probable solutions to the same. The goal of this edited book is to provide a reference guide to the theme.

This unique compendium approaches the relatively new Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) methods at senior undergraduates level in engineering or applied mathematics. It describes the differences between the well-established Finite Element Analysis (FEA) methods and why they are being replaced, or enhanced, by the latest developments in IGA.The book begins with summaries of the concepts of B-splines, NURBS, and 'knot vectors' which define them as exact representations of the geometry and as powerful analysis functions having higher continuity than the FEA use of Lagrange polynomials.The useful reference text includes Appendices with Matlab scripts for creating B-spline basis functions, topics in computer aided geometric design (CAGD) from which IGA arose, and matrix operations common to IGA and FEA. It also informs FEA users of the enhancements offered by IGA.

This book combines the fundamental forces of technology, economics, finance and policy in understanding the development and deployment of CCUS to facilitate clean energy transition and therefore achieve carbon neutrality in the ASEAN. It provides policy-driven empirical studies, investigating and evaluating multiple facets of development and deployment of CCUS in the ASEAN. These carefully chosen case-studies map CCUS in the regional and country-specific policy framework of the ASEAN; capture technological aspects of CCUS deployment by focussing on the existing and potential industrial applications of CCUS as well as focus on the economics and financial dimensions of CCUS development and deployment. This book on energy technology, economics and policy is highly recommended for readers seeking an exploratory but robust overview on the recent empirical evidences of facilitating the development and deployment of CCUS, with particular reference to the ASEAN and Asian economies including China.

This book is a sequel of The Physics of Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (1997), which covered the basic physics of QWIPs. In the intervening 27 years, QWIP properties pertinent to infrared detection are much better understood, and QWIP technology has become a mainstream, widely deployed infrared technology. The main progress is the ability to know the QWIP absorption quantum efficiency quantitatively through rigorous electromagnetic modeling. The lack of theoretical prediction has impeded QWIP development for a long time. Generally, an arbitrary choice of detector structures yields substantial variations of absorption properties, and QWIP was regarded as a low quantum efficiency detector. With the advent of electromagnetic modeling, quantum efficiency of any detector geometry can be known exactly and be optimized to attain a large satisfactory value. Consequently, all properties of QWIPs are predictable, not unlike prevailing silicon devices. This unique characteristic enables QWIP to be the most manufacturable long wavelength infrared technology in mass production. This book by K K Choi, a co-inventor of QWIPs, will capture this exciting development.Based on the materials expounded in the book, the reader will know key performance metrics in infrared detection, in-depth knowledge of QWIP material and structural designs, array production, its application, and practical knowledge of electromagnetic modeling. In addition, the book will describe using micro- and nano-structures to enhance the emission properties of active and passive optical emitters, similar to detectors. The application of rigorous electromagnetic modeling to optical emitters is new to the optoelectronic community. The resonator-pixel emitter structure with its modeling method will no doubt be able to attract substantial academic and industrial attention in years to come.

This book serves as an introductory volume to Yair Aharoni's remarkable impact on international business (IB) research. Most IB researchers will be familiar with at least one aspect of his work, but relatively few will be familiar with his broader body of work, as it spans so many of the issues addressed today in IB and strategy. This book aims to introduce readers to the depth and breadth of his impact.Unquestionably a founder of the IB field, over the course of his long career, Aharoni influenced its earliest development and, driven by a deep connection to policy and managerial practice, continually challenged conventional thinking on IB and strategy. He generated seminal insights into many aspects of why and how firms internationalize, including managerial decision-making processes, the strategies employed by state-owned enterprises, the interaction between firms and governments, and the foreign expansion of firms - including small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and those operating in the service sector - based in small and open economies. His research contributed to several salient research directions, including the behavioral theory of the firm, emerging-market multinationals, international entrepreneurship, the service economy, and non-market strategies.Aharoni was also an influential educator, having served as the founding dean of two top business schools in Israel. He was deeply engaged with the Israeli business environment - particularly senior executives of start-up companies - and a highly-valued advisor to the Israeli government. In honor of these contributions, Aharoni was the first management scholar in Israel, to be awarded the prestigious Israel Prize in 2010. Few scholars have had such meaningful impact on research, practice, and policy.

Over the past few decades, the field of machine learning has made remarkable strides, surpassing human performance in tasks like voice and object recognition, as well as mastering various complex games. Despite these accomplishments, a critical challenge remains: the absence of general intelligence. Achieving artificial general intelligence (AGI) requires the development of learning agents that can continually adapt and learn throughout their existence, a concept known as lifelong learning.In contrast to machines, humans possess an extraordinary capacity for continuous learning throughout their lives. Drawing inspiration from human learning, there is immense potential to enable artificial learning agents to learn and adapt continuously. Recent advancements in continual learning research have opened up new avenues to pursue this objective.This book is a comprehensive compilation of diverse methods for continual learning, crafted by leading researchers in the field, along with their practical applications. These methods encompass various approaches, such as adapting existing paradigms like zero-shot learning and Bayesian learning, leveraging the flexibility of network architectures, and employing replay mechanisms to enable learning from streaming data without catastrophic forgetting of previously acquired knowledge.This book is tailored for researchers, practitioners, and PhD scholars working in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It particularly targets those envisioning the implementation of AI solutions in dynamic environments where data continually shifts, leading to challenges in maintaining model performance for streaming data.

The dynamic mechanism of plate tectonics remains a reasonable theory, but one with shortcomings such as insufficient bases for plate division, unclear plate boundaries, and unclear geological characteristics. This book proposes that the world's continents should not be divided by plates, and that their formation is not due to plate tectonics but rather due to global crustal uplift evolution and sea-land evolution. This proposal is based on the authors' broad theoretical foundation and comprehensive professional knowledge, built up over more than ten years of in-depth research by many scholars on the evolution of the Earth's continents.In this book, many case studies are better explained by global crustal uplift and sea-land evolution. Namely, that the entire continents of the world are indivisible, and the changes of each land block over geological periods resulted from the sea-land changes.The book further develops the original "geomechanics theory" created by the famous geologist Li Siguang. As a vibrant and highly rigorous work, Prof Li's book offered important theoretical guidance that enriched the global geological community and led to a re-development within geological science. The strong response highlights the significance of geomechanics theory and our theories that build upon it in this book.

There are many theories on why managers do not (as a behavior) or should not (as a value) supplement profit orientation with people-centrism and planet sensitivity. In practice, managers do not supplement profit orientation with considerations for people and the planet unless they have the tools and know how to make that possible. This book seeks to address that by focusing on the normative dimension of organizational development. There are two competing norms for developing an organization: first, as a profit-oriented business enterprise; and second, as a people-centric, planet-sensitive, profit-oriented business or social enterprise.The performance of a business is a concern for all stakeholders. With the growing realization of the importance of indirect stakeholders like the society and the planet, it is increasingly important to raise awareness about the social and environmental responsibilities of businesses and organizations. This book is a must-read for academics, researchers, practitioners and policymakers who are concerned about the triple bottom-line (Planet-People-Profit) performance of businesses, which is critical for their long-term sustainability. It covers topics pertaining to the relationship between business and society, including social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility, among others, and draws from real-life case studies on social initiatives.

3D deep learning is a rapidly evolving field that has the potential to transform various industries. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in 3D deep learning, covering a wide range of research topics and applications. It collates the most recent research advances in 3D deep learning, including algorithms and applications, with a focus on efficient methods to tackle the key technical challenges in current 3D deep learning research and adoption, therefore making 3D deep learning more practical and feasible for real-world applications.This book is organized into five sections, each of which addresses different aspects of 3D deep learning. Section I: Sample Efficient 3D Deep Learning, focuses on developing efficient algorithms to build accurate 3D models with limited annotated samples. Section II: Representation Efficient 3D Deep Learning, deals with the challenge of developing efficient representations for dynamic 3D scenes and multiple 3D modalities. Section III: Robust 3D Deep Learning, presents methods for improving the robustness and reliability of deep learning models in real-world applications. Section IV: Resource Efficient 3D Deep Learning, explores ways to reduce the computation cost of 3D models and improve their efficiency in resource-limited environments. Section V: Emerging 3D Deep Learning Applications, showcases how 3D deep learning is transforming industries and enabling new applications for healthcare and manufacturing.This collection is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in exploring the potential of 3D deep learning.

This unique compendium provides state-of-the-art computational methodology and applications in bioimage informatics. It covers cutting-edge technology developments in biological image analysis, where images come from new modalities and are often large scale, high throughput and high dimensional. The book reflects advances in intelligent algorithms for tasks such as biological image segmentation, reconstruction, and object tracking.Contributed by world renowned researchers, this useful reference text presents case studies that can potentially help readers find approaches and resources to address their imminent scientific problems.

It is eleven years since the First Edition of Geometry of Crystallographic Groups appeared. This Second Edition expands on the first, providing details of a new result of automorphism of crystallographic groups, and on Hantzsche-Wendt groups/manifolds.Crystalographic groups are groups which act via isometries on some n-dimensional Euclidean space, so-named because in three dimensions they occur as the symmetry groups of a crystal. There are short introductions to the theme before every chapter, and a list of conjectures and open projects at the end of the book.Geometry of Crystallographic Groups is suitable as a textbook for students, containing basic theory of crystallographic groups. It is also suitable for researchers in the field, discussing in its second half more advanced and recent topics.

The Numerical Jordan Form is the first book dedicated to exploring the algorithmic and computational methods for determining the Jordan form of a matrix, as well as addressing the numerical difficulties in finding it. Unlike the "pure" Jordan form, the numerical Jordan form preserves its structure under small perturbations of the matrix elements so that its determination presents a well-posed computational problem. If this structure is well conditioned, it can be determined reliably in the presence of uncertainties and rounding errors.This book addresses the form's application in solving some important problems such as the estimation of eigenvalue sensitivity and computing the matrix exponential. Special attention is paid to the Jordan-Schur form of a matrix which, the author suggests, is not exploited sufficiently in the area of matrix computations. Since the mathematical objects under consideration can be sensitive to changes in the elements of the given matrix, the book also investigates the perturbation analysis of eigenvalues and invariant subspaces. This study is supplemented by a collection over 100 M-files suitable for MATLAB in order to implement the state-of-the art algorithms presented in the book for reducing a square matrix into the numerical Jordan form.Researchers in the fields of numerical analysis and matrix computations and any scientists who utilise matrices in their work will find this book a useful resource, and it is also a suitable reference book for graduate and advance undergraduate courses in this subject area.

This is a collection of lecture notes from the minicourses in the December 2018 Langlands Workshop: Endoscopy and Beyond. The volume combines seven introductory chapters on trace formulas, local Arthur packets, and beyond endoscopy. It aims to introduce the endoscopy classification via a basic example of the trace formula for SL(2), explore the more refined questions on the structure of Arthur packets, and look beyond endoscopy following the suggestions of Langlands, Braverman-Kazhdan, Ngo, and Altü. The book is a helpful reference for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers.

This unique volume covers two fundamental elements of computational methods - numbers and functions. It provides an in-depth discussion of the behaviors of numbers, including both real and complex numbers. The discussion leads to the important closure properties of numbers, ensuring solution consistence and existence, and also possible failure in numerical computations in science and engineering.This text then introduces types of functions that take numbers as independent variables and produce a single number. Approaches for constructing inverse functions are also provided. Frequently used basis functions are introduced, with detailed studies on their properties and behaviors. Techniques are presented for constructing basis functions and their use in function approximation in computational methods.

This edited volume makes the case that a systems approach is needed for long-term spaceflight missions. Due to distance from Earth and the impossibility of resupply or rapid return, these flights will entail unprecedented autonomy on the part of the crew. This autonomy includes the need for local clinical decision support and other assistance with urgent medical concerns. The advantage of a systems approach to medical needs in human spaceflight is that it enables a systematic and repeatable methodology for identifying and developing the individual pieces of the spacecraft systems based on the human system needs that are unique to that problem and environment.The book begins by introducing a systems basis for thinking about humans in space. It describes existing models and paradigms of systems medicine, as well as the tools and analytical approaches involved. A tantalizing peek at preliminary applications of systems medicine in NASA is provided. As systems in human spaceflight continue to evolve for the foreseeable future, it is argued that a systems approach will help to ensure that the evolution of the relevant sub-systems is centered on optimal human-system function across the unique spaceflight needs of the developing customer base. The discussions on balancing the needs of the mission versus the maintenance of crew health, medical risk and liability for commercial spaceflights, and the need to anticipate what the next medical issues might be, will hopefully leave readers cautiously optimistic about this new frontier of applied science.

Singapore and New Zealand are island nations that share many similarities and have enjoyed close relations for almost sixty years. Both face global challenges in today's less stable world. Twenty-seven prominent experts cover a wide range of topics, from Singapore's and New Zealand's history, foreign policy, trade relations, economy, sustainability and climate policies, to creative sectors, museums and ageing populations. Other distinguished authors highlight the close cooperation in defence, trade and business.The Editor, Dr Anne-Marie Schleich, was a German career diplomat posted to Singapore from 1982 to 1985 and was the German Ambassador to New Zealand from 2012 to 2016. She is now an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU, Singapore.

This comprehensive guide expertly distills the vast landscape of large-diameter shield tunneling technology. Authored by a team of eminent shield technology experts with hands-on experience, it presents a treasure trove of real-world engineering data and examples, and simplifies complex concepts for easy comprehension.Its ten chapters offer a structured journey, commencing with Chapter 1, which chronicles the global evolution and innovations in large-diameter tunnel construction technology. Chapter 2 unveils cutting-edge designs and vital functions of contemporary large-diameter shield machines. Chapter 3 explores integrated slurry treatment systems, emphasizing zero-discharge processes, while Chapter 4 delves into high-precision steel mold design and advanced segment production techniques.Chapters 5 and 6 provide in-depth insights into excavation processes, encompassing starting and receiving procedures, excavation face stability, shield body posture management, segment assembly, and synchronous grouting. Chapter 7 adopts an informatics perspective, elucidating data management and control. The critical topic of risk management and countermeasures takes center stage in Chapter 8, while Chapter 9 spotlights domestic large-diameter shield tunneling projects and their pivotal technologies. Lastly, in Chapter 10, the book offers a forward-looking vision for the future of tunneling and shield machine development.Tailored for professionals in design and construction, researchers in scientific institutes, and those engaged in tunnel and underground engineering, this book serves as an invaluable resource. This book empowers engineers and technicians at the forefront by enhancing their grasp of large-diameter shield tunneling construction technology. It also offers indispensable guidance to design, construction, and technical management personnel in the field.

One of the central highlights of this work is the exploration of the Yoneda lemma and its profound implications, during which intuitive explanations are provided, as well as detailed proofs, and specific examples. This book covers aspects of category theory often considered advanced in a clear and intuitive way, with rigorous mathematical proofs. It investigates universal properties, coherence, the relationship between categories and graphs, and treats monads and comonads on an equal footing, providing theorems, interpretations and concrete examples. Finally, this text contains an introduction to monoidal categories and to strong and commutative monads, which are essential tools in current research but seldom found in other textbooks.Starting Category Theory serves as an accessible and comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts of category theory. Originally crafted as lecture notes for an undergraduate course, it has been developed to be equally well-suited for individuals pursuing self-study. Most crucially, it deliberately caters to those who are new to category theory, not requiring readers to have a background in pure mathematics, but only a basic understanding of linear algebra.

Due to its capability of handling very complex problems and its high flexibility in adapting to different algorithms, the kernel machine plays a crucial role in machine learning.Bio-Kernel Machines and Applications will introduce a new type of kernel machine for the exploration and modeling between the genotypic inherent structures of short protein sequences or nucleic sequences and the phenotypic biological properties or functions of proteins or nucleotides.The book seeks to establish the fundamentals of the bio-kernel machines by presenting the basic principle and theory of the kernel machine and the various formats of kernel machines, such as string kernel machines adapted for biological applications. The book will also introduce several biological applications of the mutation matrices, demonstrating how mutation matrices can enhance the efficiency and biological relevance of machine learning models applied in specific biological problems.Through analyzing current applications of bio-kernel machines, readers will delve into the advantages of the bio-kernel machines and explore how bio-kernel machines can be further enhanced to tackle a wide spectrum of biological challenges and pave the way for future advancements.