Books in the New Directions in Africana Studies series

This book examines the memoir of Toussaint Louverturea former slave, general in the French army, and leader of the Haitian Revolutionand the memoir of his son, Isaac. The Revolution and its leaders have been studied and written about extensively. Until recently (2004), however, the memoir of Toussaint has received little attentionand only as a historical document. This is the first study that explores the 1802 work foremost as a literary text, a creative production that deploys the techniques of fiction and drama to make truth claims about the past; moreover, this is the first book-length study of Isaac Louverture's memoir. The two texts are read as examples of how black men thought of themselves as ';men' (citizens) and, therefore, how they expressed their masculinity, at that historical moment, as experiences of mourning and loss. This study builds upon three areas of scholarship: the tradition of memoir writing; historicist readings of Toussaint's memoir; and descriptions and theories of men and masculinity within the black Atlantic.The study distinguishes itself in ways that will make it of interest to more than just historians: in addition to using the intersection of race and masculinity as an analytical tool, it speaks to the nature of literary creativity and it draws from studies examining the relationship between history, memory, and fiction. As a result, scholars and students in literary and cultural criticism, as well as those in gender and diasporic studies, will also find this study of interest and value.

Pablo Adalberto Ortiz Quiones (19142002) was one of the most gifted writers in Ecuador and all of Latin America. Yet outside of Ecuador and amongst Afro-Hispanic literature scholars in the United States, little critical attention has been given to this pioneer whose multi-genre contributions spanned decades. In his writings, Ortiz explores some of the defining social issues in the Americas since the African and European encounters with the New World, including the notion of ';race.' He articulates a complex process of affirming the ethnic while not denying the national. Consequently, miscegenationa biological processas well as acculturation are motifs in his writings, which explore the essence of what it means to be Ecuadorian. Ortiz does not dwell upon the so-called ';race' question, the issue that causes such anxiety and hostility, overtly and covertly, in the United States. Rather, he explores, in depth, ethnicity, class, and caste in his earlier writings and evolves into an international writer while maintaining a strong black awareness. Adalberto Ortiz's transcendence of victimization to a broader view of the world is indicative of the title of Marvin A. Lewis' analysis from margin to centerand reflective of the approach taken by many Afro-Hispanic writers. The dialectical nature of Ortiz's writings makes his work particularly interesting and rewarding, as revealed in Adalberto Ortiz: From Margin to Center.In this book, Lewis examines the form and content relationships between works published during different literary periods and movements. Emphasis is placed on Ortiz's transition from the local to the international in each genre, and the theoretical approach is ';eclectic,' depending upon the exigencies of the texts. Ecocriticism, post-colonialism, post-modernism, and other methodologies addressing the environment, place/displacement, identity, and historiographic metafiction are fundamental to the Lewis' readings of Ortiz's prose and poetry.