Knowledge and Systems Sciences

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences, KSS 2022, held in Beijing, China, in June 2022.
The 14 revised full papers and 3 short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 51 submissions. The papers are organized in topical secions on ¿data mining and machine learning; model-based systems engineering; complex systems modeling and knowledge technologies.