Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

This book details science of hypersonics especially focusing on propulsion aspects such as supersonic combustion ramjets and their applications, and also includes lift and drag in hypersonic flight and their mathematical and physical explanation.It provides charts and data from hypersonic testing and measurements from actual vehicles and engines built in the past. Criteria to dimension hypersonic powered and unpowered vehicles (gliders) based on fundamental fluid dynamics and backed by flight testing; criteria to preliminary sizing vehicles and preliminary dimensioning of supersonic combustors are introduced. The book will serve better theoretical understanding of drag, lift and how to apply them to the design of hypersonic vehicles, as well as data to size vehicles and supersonic combustion ramjet (SCRJ) systems.This book will be a useful reference for researchers and designers in hypersonic vehicles but also second or third-year graduate students.

This book introduces esthetic clasp as an innovative method that improves the appearance of clasps by changing the clasp design. It details the concept of esthetic clasp, the classification of esthetic clasp design methods, the clinical pathway of esthetic clasp techniques, many selected cases, and the logos of different kinds of esthetic clasps. This book is suitable for all professional dentists, dental technicians and students.

The aim of this book is to explain this new technology and its advantages over previous imaging devices and to illustrate how it may be used in to define eye diseases, and in their treatment and facilitate treatment options. This atlas introduces the technical principles of SS-OCT imaging, OCTA stratification algorithm, and blood flow quantization. Through a collection of images and annotation of the microstructures of both the normal fundus and diseased eyes (for example, vitreous related disease, retinal diseased and choroidal disease) captured on SS-OCT to deepen the understanding of this new technology, as well as the interpretation of images. This atlas serves as a practical guide and is written for retinal specialist and clinicians with an interest in retinal diseases.

Electronic state of every solid is basically classified into two categories according to its electrical responses: insulator or metal. A textbook of modern solid state physics explains that shape of a Fermi surface plays a key role in most physical properties in metals. One of the well-established experimental methods to detect a Fermi surface is measurement of quantum oscillations that is a periodic response of physical quantities with respect to external magnetic fields. As insulators do not host Fermi surface, it is believed that they do not exhibit any quantum oscillations.This book presents a comprehensive review of recent observations of quantum oscillations in the Kondo insulators, SmB6 and YbB12, and discusses how the observations are demonstrated by a newly proposed mechanism where emergent charge-neutral fermions exhibit quantum oscillations instead of bare electrons. It also focuses on topological properties of Kondo insulators, and demonstrates that YbB12 hosts asurface metallic conduction owing to its non-trivial band structure. Further it presents the experiments of specific heat and thermal conductivity in YbB12 down to ultra-low temperature to discuss the possible low-energy excitations from a Fermi surface of neutral fermions. The demonstrated gapless and itinerant fermionic excitations, that is the significant contribution from charge neutral fermions, violates Wiedemann-Franz law. The discoveries point out a highly unconventional phase of quantum state¿electrically insulating but thermally metallic¿realized in the bulk of topological Kondo insulators.

This book covers several areas of economic theory and political philosophy from the perspective of Austrian Economics and libertarianism. As such, it deals with Epistemology and Methodology, Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Labor Economics, International Economics, Political Philosophy, Law and Public Policy, all from the Austro-libertarian perspective.Hence, this book offers an integrated view of libertarianism and Austrian economics in the light of recent debates in the areas of economic science and political philosophy. Moreover, it builds from the foundations of the Austrian approach (epistemology and methodology), while the latter material deals with its application to the individual from the microeconomic perspective, which in turn allows an exploration of subjects in macroeconomics. Additionally, this work applies Austro-libertarianism to law, politics, and public policy. Thus, it offers a unified view of the entire approach, in a logical progression, allowing thereaders to judge this perspective in full.Futerman and Block say that their book is not a manual, which I suppose it is not. But it is a collection of highly pertinent essays, from which you can understand what is mistaken in the orthodoxy of economics, law, and politics. The central term of art in Austrian economics is that phrase ¿human action.¿ It is the exercise of human will, not the blind bumping of one molecule against another or one organism against another, as in the physical sciences¿Futerman and Block distinguish Austrian economics as a scientific enterprise based on liberty of the will from ¿libertarianism¿ as an advocacy based on policies implied by such liberty. ¿Although Austrian economics is positive and libertarianism is normative,¿ they write, ¿this book shows how both are related; how each can support the other.¿ Indeed they do.Deirdre N. McCloskey, PhDUIC Distinguished Professor of Economics and ofHistory Emerita,Professor of English Emerita,Professor of Communication Emerita,University of Illinois at Chicago

This book offers a unique perspective on the State of Israel based on classical liberalism, both on a historical and theoretical level. Specifically, it makes a classical liberal and libertarian analysis based upon homesteading and private property rights to defend the State of Israel. As such, this work explores the history of the Jewish State, both to provide a positive case for its right to exist, and to clarify the myths surrounding its origin and development. At the same time, it deals with other relevant related subjects, such as the complex situation between Israel and the Palestinian Arabs, the military campaigns against the Jewish State, the connection between anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism, and Israel¿s economic miracle. The thorough analysis presented in this work intends to show not only why the voices and movements against Israel are wrong (including the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement, BDS), but more importantly, why Israel is an example of human flourishing and freedom that every advocate for liberty should celebrate. The Classical Liberal Case for Israel makes the practical and moral case for Israel. It is based on truths and facts that need to be repeated over and over. Block & Futerman understand that the only way to defeat a big lie is with a big truth. Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of the State of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel Classical Liberalism, often associated with the spread West from Northern Europe in creating free nations, is argued here as applying to Israel, with ancient roots in the principles of human freedom. Vernon L. Smith, Ph.D. Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (2002), and Professor, George L. Argyros Endowed Chair in Finance and Economics, Professor of Economics and Law, SmithInstitute for Political Economy and Philosophy, at Chapman University.

This book is the second volume in a series presenting new English translations of L.S. Vygotsky¿s writings on the holistic science of the child he called ¿pedology¿. It presents unique materials which reflect the development of Vygotsky¿s theoretical position at the last stage of his creative evolution in 1932-1934 and contributes to the number of original Vygotsky texts available in English. It includes the problem of age and age periodization; the structure and dynamics of age, psychological characteristics of age crises and diagnostics of development in relation to age, and the zone of proximal development, which became his most widely known but least understood theoretical innovation. This book places that concept in its context and makes it fully understandable for the first time. In addition, there are lectures and notes that Vygotsky made in preparation for lectures on six critical periods: birth, one year old, three, seven, and thirteen. Vygotsky also devotes chapters to thestable periods of infancy and early childhood and two whole chapters to school age. Future volumes in this series will explore Vygotsky¿s pedology of the adolescent.

This book aims at China's economic and social development, which has embarked on a new journey. It collects more than 20 major research achievements of researchers in relevant fields of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. These topics cover rural revitalization and anti-poverty, industrialization and manufacturing transformation, service industry upgrading, fiscal and taxation system and fiscal sustainability, major financial reform, industry and competition policy, ownership structure, new pattern of opening up, digital economy, innovation driven, financial stability, macro-control, new urbanization, regional development, ecological environment, aging population, labor market, income distribution, social governance, people's livelihood, social security, the rule of law, cultural power, and other major issues. This book helps people from all walks of life better understand and grasp the new trends, opportunities, and challenges of China's economic and social development in thefuture and provides useful reference for thinking about China's medium and long-term development strategy and development path.

This book provides a concise but comprehensive guide to representation, which forms the core of Machine Learning (ML). State-of-the-art practical applications involve a number of challenges for the analysis of high-dimensional data. Unfortunately, many popular ML algorithms fail to perform, in both theory and practice, when they are confronted with the huge size of the underlying data. Solutions to this problem are aptly covered in the book.In addition, the book covers a wide range of representation techniques that are important for academics and ML practitioners alike, such as Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), Distance Metrics and Fractional Norms, Principal Components (PCs), Random Projections and Autoencoders. Several experimental results are provided in the book to demonstrate the discussed techniques¿ effectiveness.

General surgery is the common ancestor of all surgical specialties. Within general surgery, many subspecialty areas of practice have evolved. This book is the first manual recognizing the growing role General Surgeons play in Head & Neck Surgery. From benign to malignant conditions and form ablative to reconstructive challenges, the renowned comprehensive capability of the General Surgeon is well suited to demands of this discipline. Each chapter details relevant anatomical considerations to enable understanding of this complex regional specialty and the full range of head and neck pathologies with requisite assessment, investigation, surgical and relevant reconstructive techniques. Written by a multidisciplinary, international team of recognized experts, this textbook is a practical but comprehensive guide for both candidates preparing for final surgery examinations as well as general surgeons requiring an up-to-date source of definitive advice on topics of this regional specialty.

This book provides detailed advancement endoscopy and arthroscopy procedures of shoulder. It covers basic knowledge of procedures and dedicated introduction of surgical techniques for treatment of shoulder diseases with better surgical outcome and less surgical morbidity. Endoscopic and arthroscopic procedures with their advantage in surgical exposure and post-operative rehabilitation have been extensively performed in orthopedic diseases. Cases presentation with well-illustrated arthroscopic and endoscopic photos for common clinical conditions was provided. The format is a step-by-step procedure for easy reference, particularly for surgeons in their training.

This book introduces the theory of enveloping semigroups¿an important tool in the field of topological dynamics¿introduced by Robert Ellis. The book deals with the basic theory of topological dynamics and touches on the advanced concepts of the dynamics of induced systems and their enveloping semigroups. All the chapters in the book are well organized and systematically dealing with introductory topics through advanced research topics. The basic concepts give the motivation to begin with, then the theory, and finally the new research-oriented topics. The results are presented with detailed proof, plenty of examples and several open questions are put forward to motivate for future research. Some of the results, related to the enveloping semigroup, are new to the existing literature. The enveloping semigroups of the induced systems is considered for the first time in the literature, and some new results are obtained. The book has a research-oriented flavour in the field of topological dynamics.

This book features high-quality research papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Expert Systems (ICSES 2022), held in Nepal during September 9¿10, 2022. The book focuses on the research information related to artificial intelligence, sustainability and expert systems applied in almost all the areas of industries, government sectors and educational institutions worldwide. The main thrust of the book is to publish the conference papers that deal with the design, implementation, development, testing and management of intelligent and sustainable expert systems and also to provide both theoretical and practical guidelines for the deployment of these systems.