Removal of Chlorides and Hardness from Water by Using Biosorbents

The presence of pollutants in aqueous solution particularly from hazardous heavy metals and metalloids is an important environmental and social problem. The hardness and chlorides are one of the serious groundwater contaminants in rural areas. The chlorides are regulated in drinking water quality primarily because excess amounts can cause disease. Hardness in both its gaseous and liquid form can be irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin due to its alkaline nature. The biological effects of hardness and chlorides in humans after acute exposures are dose-related depend on their concentration; the amount is taken by the body and duration of exposure. Biosorption is a physiochemical process that occurs naturally in certain biomass which allows it to passively concentrate and bind contaminants onto its cellular structure. It is metabolically passive process not require energy and amount of contaminants in sorbent can remove is dependent on kinetic equilibrium and composition of the sorbents cellular surface. Every biosorbent had different physical, chemical and biological properties for heavy metals removal by biosorption from the water.