Tribological Behavior of Lubricant with Different Nano-Additives and Its Effect on Performance of Journal Bearings

Energy and environmental sustainability have triggered a worldwide interest in the field of the transportation network and industrial activity. Friction consumes approximately one-fifth of the total energy utilized in machinery systems. One-third of all energy is spent only on overcoming friction. Tribology is the science of lubrication, friction, and wear deals with the prevention of wear and tear of surfaces that move relative to one another under load. The term tribology was initially coined by Jost in 1966. The term comes from the Greek word tribos, which means "to rub," or "the science dealing with the rubbing of surfaces." Therefore, Friction and wear can also be termed lubrication science. Tribological interactions consume around 23% of the world's total energy usage. About 20% is used to overcome friction whereas 3% is used to re-fix worn components and spare equipment that have failed due to wear and wear- related problems. Energy losses due to friction and wear can be decreased by 40% in the long term (15 years) and by 18% in the short term by utilizing new surfaces, materials, and lubrication technologies. Reduction in wear and friction can enhance the life period of automobiles, machines, and other equipment around the world. In the long run, these savings would be equal to 1.4 percent of global GDP and about 8.7% of overall energy use on a worldwide scale. Hence, a vast variety of innovative technological solutions for reducing friction and wear had been advised, yet have not been widely adopted. Efficient coolants and lubricants are required by rising energy needs, precision manufacturing, miniaturization, nuclear regulations, and critical economies.

Considering the negative impacts of friction and wear, lubricants play a key role in reducing these negative impacts on tribological processes. Lubricants also reduce the temperature in tribomechanical systems and enhance the performance of the system. All types of maintenance incorporate lubrication as a critical component of the whole procedure. In mechanical systems, consistent performance and energy-saving are the foremost demand for an eco-friendly lubricant. The physio-chemical relations between the molecules of lubricant, material surfaces, and the environment causes lubrication in the system [